How are cardinal mark buoys identified?

Cardinal mark buoys are identified primarily by their color and stripes. Each cardinal buoy uses a specific color scheme and pattern of stripes to indicate directions related to safe navigational channels in relation to land or hazards. The colors typically include black and yellow, with variations that signify whether the buoy is marking the northern, southern, eastern, or western limits of safe passage. This distinctive color coding is essential for mariners to determine which way to navigate in relation to dangers in the water, making it a critical aspect of maritime navigation. Understanding the color and stripe design is vital for ensuring safe and effective navigation in various waterways. The other options do not encompass the primary identifying features of cardinal mark buoys as fully as the color and stripes do.